Frequency and antimicrobial sensitivity of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in patients with vaginal discharge.

Determination of antimicrobial sensitivity helps establish adequate treatment and avoids future genital tract diseases in women of fertile age. In Cuba, prevalence of mycoplasma in patients with vaginal discharge is unknown. The objective of this research was to determine frequency and antimicrobial sensitivity of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in women with vaginal discharge through analysis of laboratory data from vaginal smears from 255 patients referred to the Municipal Hygiene and Epidemiology Center in Güines, Mayabeque Province, Cuba. Mycoplasma System Plus (Italy) was used for detection, identification, count and sensitivity testing. The finding of mycoplasmas in almost two thirds of specimens examined suggests that the sexually active female population should be screened for these bacteria and that barrier contraception methods should be promoted to decrease their spread and prevent longterm sequelae. Such updating of local patterns of antimicrobial resistance supports decision making for best treatment options in patients with these infections. Our results should help clinicians in our area choose an antibiotic, and also confirm the utility of Mycoplasma System Plus for mycoplasma research in resource-scarce settings, to benefit individual and population health.

[Phenotypic characteristics and virulence factors in Aeromonas strains isolated from patients with diarrheic disease in Cuba]. / Caracterización fenotípica y factores de virulencia en cepas de Aeromonas aisladas de pacientes con enfermedad diarreica aguda en Cuba.

Fifty four strains of Aeromonas spp were isolated from patients with acute diarrheic episodes by using Aerokey II and Aeroesquema methods. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence factors were analyzed. The most frequently isolated specie was Aeromonas caviae. Over 75% of strains exhibited resistance to penicillins and ce-phalosporins; for the other antibiotic groups resistance was under 20%. Twenty six strains (48.1 %) were multiresist-ant. At least one virulence factor among those evaluated in the study was present in 53 (98.1%) of the 54 strains.

Caracterización fenotípica y factores de virulencia en cepas de Aeromonas aisladas de pacientes con enfermedad diarreica aguda en Cuba / Phenotypic characteristics and virulence factors in Aeromonas strains isolated from patients with diarrheic disease in Cuba

Fifty four strains of Aeromonas spp were isolated from patients with acute diarrheic episodes by using Aerokey II and Aeroesquema methods. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence factors were analyzed. The most frequently isolated specie was Aeromonas caviae. Over 75 percent of strains exhibited resistance to penicillins and ce-phalosporins; for the other antibiotic groups resistance was under 20 percent. Twenty six strains (48.1 percent) were multiresist-ant. At least one virulence factor among those evaluated in the study was present in 53 (98.1 percent) of the 54 strains.

Se identificaron 54 cepas de Aeromonas aisladas de pacientes con enfermedad diarreica aguda mediante los métodos Aerokey II y Aeroesquema. Se determinó la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana y algunos factores de virulencia. La especie encontrada en mayor frecuencia fue Aeromonas caviae. Se observaron valores de resistencia por sobre 75 por ciento para penicilinas y cefalotina; para el resto de los antimicrobianos estos valores se encontraron bajo 20 por ciento>; 26 cepas (48,1 por ciento) presentaron multi-resistencia. Al menos un factor de virulencia de los investigados estuvo presente en 53 (98,1 por ciento) de las 54 cepas analizadas.

Caracterización microbiológica de cepas de Vibrio cholerae no-O1 aisladas en Cuba / Microbiological characterization of non-01 Vibrio cholerae isolated in Cuba

Se estudiaron 422 cepas de Vibrio cholerae no-O1 procedentes de 9 provincias del país, de ellas 9 aisladas de un brote de enfermedad de transmisión hídrica. En la totalidad de las cepas se determinó la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana y la presencia de factores de virulencia. En las 9 cepas procedentes del brote, se realizó además, el estudio de macrorrestricción de ADN mediante la técnica de electroforesis de campo pulsado. Se demostró por primera vez en Cuba y el Caribe, la circulación de cepas de V. cholerae no-O1 atípicas (resistentes al compuesto vibriostático O129 y al trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol). El comportamiento de la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana demostró por primera vez la circulación en Cuba de 2 patrones diferentes de resistencia (ampicilina, trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol, sulfonamida y tetraciclina, trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol, sulfonamida). La frecuencia de cepas resistentes al trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol se mantuvo similar en todo el período de estudio. Sin embargo, se produjo un decrecimiento de la resistencia a la ampicilina y un aumento de la resistencia a la tetraciclina. Los principales factores de virulencia que se encontraron fueron la gelatinasa, la hemolisina, la elastasa y la adherencia a células HEp-2. Sin embargo, las cepas del brote mostraron mayores porcentajes que el resto, para la presencia de la toxina termoestable y la presencia de fimbrias. Los resultados de los estudios molecular y epidemiológico permitieron dar una respuesta acelerada y precisa sobre la etiología del primer brote de enfermedad de transmisión alimentaria.

The study of 422 non-01 Vibrio cholerae strains from nine provinces, 9 of them isolated from a water-borne disease outbreak, was performed. All the strains exhibited antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence factors. The nine strains from the outbreak were subjected to a DNA macrorestriction study based on the pulsed field electrophoresis technique. For the first time in Cuba and the Caribbean, the circulation of atypical non-01 V. Cholerae strains (resistent to vibriostatic compound 0129 and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole). The behavior of antimicrobial susceptibility evinced for the first time the circulation of two different resistence patterns in Cuba (ampicilline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, sulfonamide and tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, sulfonamide). The frequency of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistent strains was similar during the whole period of study. However, resistance to ampicilline decreased whereas resistance to tetracycline increased. The main found virulence factors were gelatinase, hemolysine, elastase and adherence to Hep-2 cells. On the other hand, the outbreak strains showed higher percentages than the others due to the presence of heat-liable toxin and fimbriae. The results of the molecular and epidemiological studies allowed giving a speedy and accurate response that explained the etiology of the first food-borne disease outbreak.

Caracterización microbiológica de cepas de Vibrio cholerae no-O1 aisladas en Cuba / Microbiological characterization of non-01 Vibrio cholerae isolated in Cuba

Se estudiaron 422 cepas de Vibrio cholerae no-O1 procedentes de 9 provincias del país, de ellas 9 aisladas de un brote de enfermedad de transmisión hídrica. En la totalidad de las cepas se determinó la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana y la presencia de factores de virulencia. En las 9 cepas procedentes del brote, se realizó además, el estudio de macrorrestricción de ADN mediante la técnica de electroforesis de campo pulsado. Se demostró por primera vez en Cuba y el Caribe, la circulación de cepas de V. cholerae no-O1 atípicas (resistentes al compuesto vibriostático O129 y al trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol). El comportamiento de la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana demostró por primera vez la circulación en Cuba de 2 patrones diferentes de resistencia (ampicilina, trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol, sulfonamida y tetraciclina, trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol, sulfonamida). La frecuencia de cepas resistentes al trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol se mantuvo similar en todo el período de estudio. Sin embargo, se produjo un decrecimiento de la resistencia a la ampicilina y un aumento de la resistencia a la tetraciclina. Los principales factores de virulencia que se encontraron fueron la gelatinasa, la hemolisina, la elastasa y la adherencia a células HEp-2. Sin embargo, las cepas del brote mostraron mayores porcentajes que el resto, para la presencia de la toxina termoestable y la presencia de fimbrias. Los resultados de los estudios molecular y epidemiológico permitieron dar una respuesta acelerada y precisa sobre la etiología del primer brote de enfermedad de transmisión alimentaria(AU)

The study of 422 non-01 Vibrio cholerae strains from nine provinces, 9 of them isolated from a water-borne disease outbreak, was performed. All the strains exhibited antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence factors. The nine strains from the outbreak were subjected to a DNA macrorestriction study based on the pulsed field electrophoresis technique. For the first time in Cuba and the Caribbean, the circulation of atypical non-01 V. Cholerae strains (resistent to vibriostatic compound 0129 and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole). The behavior of antimicrobial susceptibility evinced for the first time the circulation of two different resistence patterns in Cuba (ampicilline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, sulfonamide and tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, sulfonamide). The frequency of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistent strains was similar during the whole period of study. However, resistance to ampicilline decreased whereas resistance to tetracycline increased. The main found virulence factors were gelatinase, hemolysine, elastase and adherence to Hep-2 cells. On the other hand, the outbreak strains showed higher percentages than the others due to the presence of heat-liable toxin and fimbriae. The results of the molecular and epidemiological studies allowed giving a speedy and accurate response that explained the etiology of the first food-borne disease outbreak(AU)

[Microbiological characterization of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae isolated in Cuba]. / Caracterización microbiológica de cepas de Vibrio cholerae no-O1 aisladas en Cuba.

The study of 422 non-01 Vibrio cholerae strains from nine provinces, 9 of them isolated from a water-borne disease outbreak, was performed. All the strains exhibited antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence factors. The nine strains from the outbreak were subjected to a DNA macrorestriction study based on the pulsed field electrophoresis technique. For the first time in Cuba and the Caribbean. The circulation of atypical non-01 V cholerae strains (resistent to vibriostatic compound 0129 and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole). The behavior of antimicrobial susceptibility evinced for the first time the circulation of two different resistence patterns in Cuba (ampicilline, trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, sulfonamide and tetracycline, trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, sulfonamide). The frequency of trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole-resistent strains was similar during the whole period of study. However, resistance to ampicilline decreased whereas resistance to tetracycline increased. The main found virulence factors were gelatinase, hemolysine, elastase and adherence to Hep-2 cells. On the other hand, the outbreak strains showed higher percentages than the others due to the presence of heat-liable toxin and fimbriae. The results of the molecular and epidemiological studies allowed giving a speedy and accurate response that explained the etiology of the first food-borne disease outbreak.